智能指针2： exercises/smart_pointers/rc1.rs

题目

rust

// rc1.rs
//
// In this exercise, we want to express the concept of multiple owners via the
// Rc<T> type. This is a model of our solar system - there is a Sun type and
// multiple Planets. The Planets take ownership of the sun, indicating that they
// revolve around the sun.
//
// Make this code compile by using the proper Rc primitives to express that the
// sun has multiple owners.
//
// Execute `rustlings hint rc1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.

// I AM NOT DONE

use std::rc::Rc;

#[derive(Debug)]
struct Sun {}

#[derive(Debug)]
enum Planet {
    Mercury(Rc<Sun>),
    Venus(Rc<Sun>),
    Earth(Rc<Sun>),
    Mars(Rc<Sun>),
    Jupiter(Rc<Sun>),
    Saturn(Rc<Sun>),
    Uranus(Rc<Sun>),
    Neptune(Rc<Sun>),
}

impl Planet {
    fn details(&self) {
        println!("Hi from {:?}!", self)
    }
}

fn main() {
    let sun = Rc::new(Sun {});
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 1 reference

    let mercury = Planet::Mercury(Rc::clone(&sun));
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 2 references
    mercury.details();

    let venus = Planet::Venus(Rc::clone(&sun));
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 3 references
    venus.details();

    let earth = Planet::Earth(Rc::clone(&sun));
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 4 references
    earth.details();

    let mars = Planet::Mars(Rc::clone(&sun));
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 5 references
    mars.details();

    let jupiter = Planet::Jupiter(Rc::clone(&sun));
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 6 references
    jupiter.details();

    // TODO
    let saturn = Planet::Saturn(Rc::new(Sun {}));
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 7 references
    saturn.details();

    // TODO
    let uranus = Planet::Uranus(Rc::new(Sun {}));
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 8 references
    uranus.details();

    // TODO
    let neptune = Planet::Neptune(Rc::new(Sun {}));
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 9 references
    neptune.details();

    assert_eq!(Rc::strong_count(&sun), 9);

    drop(neptune);
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 8 references

    drop(uranus);
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 7 references

    drop(saturn);
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 6 references

    drop(jupiter);
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 5 references

    drop(mars);
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 4 references

    // TODO
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 3 references

    // TODO
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 2 references

    // TODO
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 1 reference

    assert_eq!(Rc::strong_count(&sun), 1);
}

在本练习中，我们希望通过 Rc<T> 类型来表达多个所有者的概念。这是我们太阳系的模型——有一个太阳和多个行星。行星拥有太阳，表明它们围绕太阳旋转。

使用适当的 Rc 原语来编译此代码以表示太阳有多个所有者。

题目解析

Rust 类型 Rc<T>，其为引用计数（reference counting）的缩写。引用计数意味着记录一个值引用的数量来知晓这个值是否仍在被使用。如果某个值有零个引用，就代表没有任何有效引用并可以被清理。

Rc::clone 的实现并不像大部分类型的 clone 实现那样对所有数据进行深拷贝。Rc::clone 只会增加引用计数，这并不会花费多少时间。深拷贝可能会花费很长时间。通过使用 Rc::clone 进行引用计数，可以明显的区别深拷贝类的克隆和增加引用计数类的克隆。当查找代码中的性能问题时，只需考虑深拷贝类的克隆而无需考虑 Rc::clone 调用。

Drop trait 的实现当 Rc<T> 值离开作用域时自动减少引用计数。

rust

fn main() {
    let sun = Rc::new(Sun {});
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 1 reference

    let mercury = Planet::Mercury(Rc::clone(&sun));
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 2 references
    mercury.details();

    let venus = Planet::Venus(Rc::clone(&sun));
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 3 references
    venus.details();

    let earth = Planet::Earth(Rc::clone(&sun));
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 4 references
    earth.details();

    let mars = Planet::Mars(Rc::clone(&sun));
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 5 references
    mars.details();

    let jupiter = Planet::Jupiter(Rc::clone(&sun));
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 6 references
    jupiter.details();

    // TODO
    let saturn = Planet::Saturn(Rc::new(Sun {})); 
    let saturn = Planet::Saturn(Rc::clone(&sun)); 
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 7 references
    saturn.details();

    // TODO
    let uranus = Planet::Uranus(Rc::new(Sun {})); 
    let uranus = Planet::Uranus(Rc::clone(&sun)); 
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 8 references
    uranus.details();

    // TODO
    let neptune = Planet::Neptune(Rc::new(Sun {})); 
    let neptune = Planet::Neptune(Rc::clone(&sun)); 
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 9 references
    neptune.details();

    assert_eq!(Rc::strong_count(&sun), 9);

    drop(neptune);
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 8 references

    drop(uranus);
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 7 references

    drop(saturn);
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 6 references

    drop(jupiter);
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 5 references

    drop(mars);
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 4 references

    // TODO
    drop(earth); 
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 3 references

    // TODO
    drop(venus); 
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 2 references

    // TODO
    drop(mercury); 
    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 1 reference

    assert_eq!(Rc::strong_count(&sun), 1);
}

参考资料

Rc<T> 引用计数智能指针

智能指针2： exercises/smart_pointers/rc1.rs ​

题目 ​

题目解析 ​

参考资料 ​

智能指针2： exercises/smart_pointers/rc1.rs

题目

题目解析

参考资料